I. Introduction and Fundamentals
1. Definition of Quantitative Finance
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Understanding its objectives and applications in financial markets.
2. The Different Profiles of “Quants”
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Trading, risk management, quantitative research, and algorithm development.
3. Essential Mathematical Concepts:
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Differential and integral calculus: foundations and applications in finance.
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Linear algebra: matrices, determinants, and eigenvectors.
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Probability: fundamental laws, conditional expectation, and independence.
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Statistics: regressions, hypothesis testing, and parameter estimation.
Practical Case Study:
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Solving a system of equations to determine the expected return of 3 distinct assets.
II. Introduction to Stochastic Calculus
1. Symmetric Random Walk, Brownian Motion, Stochastic Processes, and Itô’s Lemma
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Understanding the basics of continuous random processes.
2. Black-Scholes Model and Binomial Tree
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Explanation of the assumptions and the Black-Scholes formula.
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Methodology of binomial trees for option pricing.
Practical Case Study:
- Using Itô’s Lemma to solve the Black-Scholes partial differential equation.
- Building a binomial tree to evaluate a European option.
III. Interest Rate Models
1. Vasicek Model
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Application to bond markets and rate forecasting.
2. Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) Model
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Rate evolution under variable volatility.
3. Hull-White Model
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Incorporating deterministic terms into interest rate models.
4. Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM) Model
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Comprehensive modeling of the yield curve.
5. Libor Market Model (LMM)
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Applications in pricing interest rate derivatives.
Practical Case Study:
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Using the Vasicek model to estimate interest rate evolution.
IV. Risk Management
1. Risk Measurement and Management
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Identification of different risk types (market, credit, counterparty, liquidity).
2. Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional VaR (CVaR)
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Tools for measuring potential extreme losses.
3. Stress Testing and Scenario Analysis
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Anticipating and simulating extreme shocks in financial markets.
Practical Case Study:
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Calculating VaR and CVaR.
V. Portfolio Management
1. Efficient Frontier and Capital Allocation Line
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Foundations of modern portfolio theory.
2. Sharpe Ratio and Optimization
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Maximizing risk-adjusted returns.
3. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Multi-Factor Models
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Explanation and implementation of asset valuation models.
4. Mean-Variance Optimization (MVO) and Black-Litterman Model
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Traditional and advanced approaches to portfolio optimization.
5. Introduction to “Entropy Pooling”
Practical Case Study:
- Building a portfolio of assets using various models.
VI. Pricing and Valuation
1. Exotic Options
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Understanding complex options and their volatility.
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Developing tailored hedging strategies.
2. Pricing Exotic Options
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Analytical models: binomial trees, Black-Scholes.
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Numerical models: Monte Carlo, finite differences.
3. Pricing and Valuing Credit Derivatives
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Introduction to correlation, dependence structures, and marginal distributions.
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Copula models, CDOs, and “first to default.”
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Techniques for extreme risk coverage.
Practical Case Study:
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Using Excel-based pricers with copula models.